Feds Rethinking Passport Chip Encryption
Privacy Issues - Identity Theft, Data Security, Financial & Medical Privacy Matters
First ChoicePoint, Now Lexis-Nexis - Your Identity Is For Sale
A few weeks ago when news of the ChoicePoint data-warehouse compromise broke, I wrote an article called "Identity Protection Is Up To You" (http://www.cafeid.com/art-choice.shtml). I suggested that the story that emerged was misleading in the way the central problem was framed to deflect criticism away from ChoicePoint and onto some shadowy group of people taking advantage of the gee-whiz high-tech Internet to defraud an upstanding corporate citizen and the people that corporation "serves". But the problem seems to be that your personal identity is for sale, and the problem is that you have no idea who's buying.
This week, it's information giant Lexis-Nexis, a division of an Anglo-Dutch publishing concern called Reed Elsevier, increasing its estimate of the number of potential victims (ten-fold, from 32,000 to 310,000). Once again, the security breach that led to the "misappropriation" of customers' names, addresses, Social Security numbers and driver's license information was human, rather than technical in nature. CNN reported that the thieves were able to fool the company into giving them working passwords on 59 occasions. This is "social engineering" at its finest, and it shows that it doesn't matter how much a company spends securing its network when its employees are able to be cajoled into giving out the passwords.
What's going on here?
ChoicePoint and Lexis-Nexis have several things in common: Both companies purchased existing companies that experienced these security breaches prior to their purchase. Both security breaches were the result of social engineering rather than computer hacking. Both companies were performing well financially dealing in the lucrative sale of this data. And, perhaps most interestingly, both of the companies that were purchased were previously founded by the same man, Hank Asher, a wealthy Boca Raton, FL business man and technophile who also became a government informant after being identified as an unindicted co-conspirator in a cocaine smuggling scheme.
One company he founded, DBT Online, Inc., the subsidiary of ChoicePoint whose data was compromised, was also the company hired to purge Florida's voter rolls of "ineligible" voters prior to the infamous 2000 election. The other, Seisint (the one purchased recently by Lexis-Nexis) was the company hired to architect the incredibly-named MATRIX (the Multi-State Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange), a secretive project funded largely by the federal government to do data mining in the name of national security. Seisint was the victim of the most recent massive database-compromise scandal. Check this link for more information on this project: http://www.aclu.org/Privacy/Privacy.cfm?ID=14894&c=130
This should give you pause even without taking the conspiracy theories into account (and there are some wild ones out there). This is far-reaching information and these companies are trusted by our government, by us, to get it right; and confidence men are able to get at this information out the back door while computer experts are busy boarding up the front to keep out the very people whose lives' details fill these databases.
What should you do?
With each of these news stories that breaks, it's becoming more evident that there's little you can do to protect your data. You no longer own it once it's in the databases of these companies, and you're dependent upon human beings to guard it, or at the very least not give out the passwords. There weren't that many points of vulnerability. Only a handful of Seisint employees, as few as 15, overseen by Florida state police, were responsible for maintaining records in the company's database.
The first thing you should do is write your representatives in government to demand oversight and accountability of these private concerns in whom so much trust is place. Write a real letter, on paper, seal it in an envelope and put it in the mail to your state and Federal representatives. Go to http://www.vote-smart.org and type your 9-digit ZIP code into the search box on the left in order to find detailed information, including contact addresses, for all your representatives. If you don't know your 9-digit ZIP code, you can find it by entering your address at http://www.usps.com/zip4
The next thing you should do is determine a way to keep an eye on your credit reports, since these are usually the first indicators of identity theft. New laws have been passed requiring each of the three major credit reporting agencies to provide you with a free copy of your report each year. This is only possible through a single website - http://www.annualcreditreport.com or by calling 877-322-8228 or writing Annual Credit Report Request Service, P.O. Box 105281, Atlanta, GA 30348-5281. You'll need to supply your name, address, Social Security number and date of birth, and if you've moved recently, a previous address.
The law requiring this service allows you to request your reports all at once or to stagger them, ordering one at a time throughout the year. We recommend this course, as it will allow you to view activity every four months and locate potential trouble sooner. This is all detailed at the Federal Trade Commission website at http://www.ftc.gov. The Electronic Privacy Information Center also maintains a valuable resource at http://www.epic.org.
Your Social Security number is a powerful entity, and you should take care to protect it. It has become a de facto universal identification number, used by financial and educational institutions among others on whom the idea that the number is not meant to be used as identification is lost. When asked to provide the number, always ask if the number is really required and when the eyes of the person you're asking glaze over, if there is an alternative number you can use.
Most people feel compelled to provide accurate information when filling out forms requesting personal information; but unless the information is truly required (i.e. they need a real address to deliver your order or your street address needs to match your file to make a credit card purchase) there's no real need to feed the beast.
In general, if you're receiving something for money, you should fill out the information accurately because there may be legal issues involved. For example, if you were registering your domain name at our website at cafeid.com, your contact information needs to be correct by law; but, on the other hand, there's no need to give out your real address to sign up to read an online newspaper article (at least one website, http://www.bugmenot.com, even makes it easy to use phony information!) The idea is that you should know who is asking for your personal information and why they need it before you hand it over.
Therein lies the biggest problem with these private information clearinghouses, and the one thing that will eventually bring about reform. The fact is that you cannot know what the company knows about you without becoming a customer (if that's even possible or affordable), but a skillful social engineer could pay Seisint a quarter ($0.25) for a basic report once they've finagled a password out of a gullible employee.
The credit reporting agencies played this game as long as they could and had to be forced to provide you with your credit information for free. You still have to pay if you're in the East or South! But the only solution to this ongoing and growing problem is a complete overhaul in the laws that allow these companies to collect and sell your personal information without protecting and informing you in the process. Millions of government dollars and reliance upon this information by the government itself is a good deal of inertia to overcome; but it has to start somewhere. Grab a pen.
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About the Author
Trevor Bauknight is a web designer and writer with over 15 years of experience on the Internet. He specializes in the creation and maintenance of business and personal identity online and can be reached at trevor@tryid.com. Stop by http://www.cafeid.com for a free tryout of the revolutionary SiteBuildingSystem and check out our Flash-based website and IMAP e-mail hosting solutions, complete with live support.
Cookies and PIE - An Introduction to Flash Security
by Trevor Bauknight © April 2005
Web-enabled consumers are tossing their cookies in greater numbers; and although this phenomenon is related to the stomach-churning activities of some Internet marketers and their offerings, it has more to do with taking back control of their Web browsing, and less to do with violent physiological reactions to bad snack food.
JupiterResearch reported that 58% of Internet users have deleted their cookies in the last year, and that 39% of consumers are deleting them monthly from their primary computers. And while I find these numbers suspect, the increased awareness and use of anti-malware software tools, which sometimes identify cookies as problematic, may be contributing heavily to the trend. So maybe the numbers are accurate, even if consumers are deleting cookies unwittingly.
Last week brought news (see http://www.internetweek.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=160400749) that a New York company called United Virtualities has begun offering technology that allows Internet marketers to undermine the increasing number of Internet-savvy consumers concerned enough about their privacy to take control of cookies, the little bits of text left behind by some websites to track your visits and preferences. They're offering PIE as a substitute.
What is PIE?
According to United Virtualities, a persistent identification element is a Flash object that a bit of JavaScript can tag to the browser of a visitor to a PIE-enabled website in order to restore deleted cookies and act as a cookie backup. It uses a Flash MX feature called local shared objects that are less familiar to browsers and, hence, not as likely to be disabled. Shared objects are, essentially, the Flash equivalent of cookies, and yet, being Flash, are a good deal more capable because of their ability to gather information from other websites and to communicate with other Flash applications that may be running.
Mookie Tanembaum, founder and CEO of United Virtualities, justifies his company's technology by suggesting that he's simply trying to help out consumers who are too stupid to know what they want to control: "The user is not proficient enough in technology to know if the cookie is good or bad, or how it works," he is reported to have said. He also said, apparently with a straight-face, that he discourages the abuse of PIE technology to thwart the end-user: "We believe people should use this technology responsibly. If people don't want cookies in place, then (their browsers) shouldn't be tagged." Uh-huh...I'm not sure who he thinks his market is. The company charges marketers $.03 per 1000 impressions (CPM) for use of its "platform".
Who's vulnerable?
Vulnerability, with regard to cookies, is relative. We actually support the responsible use of cookies to better serve visitors to your website; but that support begins and ends at your site and we recognize that cookies can be and have been abused by rogue Internet marketers and other website operators. With that in mind, let's take a look at who might be impacted by the use of PIE technology:
You, more than likely. The makers of Flash, Macromedia, Inc., claim that some 98% of Internet-enabled computers are equipped with the ability to view Flash, so security vulnerabilities associated with the technology should be a primary concern for anyone, especially as Flash seems to be emerging as the premier vehicle for building great user interfaces for rich Web applications.
Macromedia has established a website with a hideously long URL (http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager.html) dedicated to securing your local Flash-player installation, and even though we use Flash extensively here at Cafe ID http://www.cafeid.com for parts of our own application's user interface, we had never really explored checking to see that the security settings of our Flash Players were locked down until United Virtualities forced the issue. And because we use Flash, we're keenly interested in any abuse of Flash technology that may cause antipathy toward it and, by extension, us.
How do you avoid PIE?
One way to avoid having PIE attach itself to your browser is to simply jack up your security settings under IE to the highest level available. Unfortunately, this is less than desirable, as it will cause many other, non-PIE-enabled websites to become inoperable. This is like bricking up your windows and doors to keep out thieves.
You may have experienced a pop-up asking questions about privacy or storage space when visiting sites with Flash content, and this is the way most people see their Flash Player settings for the first time. But a visit to the Macromedia site above shows you how to access your Flash player's settings directly and describes the settings in some detail. That's a great place to start, so let's run through a few of the settings you may find particularly useful:
The Settings Manager tool that loads displays a five-tabbed interface across the top. Clicking on the tabs doesn't give you a great deal of feedback, but it does allow you to move between them. (Note that these panels allow you to control the behavior of the Flash Player in your future visits to Flash-based sites. To control the behavior of websites you have already specified settings for or are visiting currently, simply right-click in the window while the Flash application is running and choose Settings... from there.)
The first tab brings up the Global Privacy Settings Panel. Here, you can select whether websites will be allowed to ask you to use your computer's camera and microphone. At least there's no "Always Allow" setting -- that would make for some interesting viewing at the other end, no doubt.
The second tab brings up the Global Storage Settings Panel, on which you can specify how much of your local drive space you want to allow Flash applications to use to store information about you. Pushing the slider all the way to the left causes Flash to ask you each time an application wants to store information. Pushing it all the way to right gives Flash unlimited space to store information, and there are intermediate levels between the extremes. We recommend having Flash ask, if for no other reason than to make sure you know when information about you is being stored.
The third tab is the Global Security Settings Panel. Here, you can specify whether Flash authors are able to use an older technology to get information from other sites. The recommendation, as usual, is to always ask, as the other options either provide no control or no desired functionality.
The fourth tab is the detailed Website Privacy Settings Panel which works a good deal like your browser's cookie manager. It shows you all the websites that currently are storing information about you and allows you to set your camera and microphone preferences on a per-website basis. The fifth tab, similarly to the fourth, allows you to set your storage-space preferences on a per-website basis.
You can also access the Global Notifications Settings Panel via the link to it on the left, where you can control how often Flash checks with Macromedia to see if updates are available.
The Way Forward
For your part, it's just one more thing with which to concern yourself in your daily browsing. Ask yourself how much you want your online travels tracked and analyzed by Internet marketers and set your browser and Flash Players accordingly. There are plenty of resources available to show you how, and we try to maintain an up-to-date collection of them at cafeid.com.
Macromedia, for its part, is in discussion with both Microsoft and the Mozilla Foundation, makers of the wildly popular new Firefox browser, to provide an interface for controlling shared objects and cookies in one place in future versions of their respective browsers. After all, like cookies, shared objects are useful technology that carry the potential for being abused, and we'd hate to see either go away.
Macromedia's stance and actions on the matter are a welcomed step in the right direction; but what we'd like to see is the regulation of Internet marketers who seem to have inexplicably decided that the way to generate interest in the products and services they're marketing is to actively foil any and all consumer attempts to avoid that marketing. The suggestion that consumers are not technologically-savvy enough to determine whether or not they want to be tracked and monitored is nothing short of outrageous. Mookie Tanembaum ought to be ashamed; but shame isn't a strong motivator among the Internet's purveyors of malware.
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About the Author
Trevor Bauknight is a web designer and writer with over 15 years of experience on the Internet. He specializes in the creation and maintenance of business and personal identity online and can be reached at trevor@tryid.com. Stop by http://www.cafeid.com for a free tryout of the revolutionary SiteBuildingSystem and check out our Flash-based website and IMAP e-mail hosting solutions, complete with live support.